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Obstetrics & Gynecology Residency

EBP Databases

Evidence Based Medicine Principles

For more details, visit the MAHEC Evidence Based Practice Guide

 

evidence based practice cycle

 

Hierarchy of evidence

Adapted from: DiCenso, A., Bayley, L., & Haynes, R. B. (2009). ACP Journal Club. Editorial: Accessing preappraised evidence: fine-tuning the 5S model into a 6S model. Annals of Internal Medicine, 151(6), JC3-2, JC3-3. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-151-6-200909150-02002

PICO, sometimes known as PICOTT, is a common approach for formulating clinical questions.

P

I

C

O

T

T

Patient / Population

Intervention / Indicator

Compare / Control

Outcome

Time

Type of Study or Question

Who are the relevant patients? Think about age, sex, geographic location, or specific characteristics that would be important to your question. What is the management strategy, diagnostic test, or exposure that you are interested in? Is there a control or alternative management strategy you would like to compare to the intervention or indicator? What are the patient-relevant consequences of the intervention? What time periods should be considered?   What study types are most likely to have the information you seek?  What clinical domain does your question fall under?

 

Also see our full EBP guide for additional details and alternative methods for formulating a question.

Don't Forget to Appraise the Evidence!

Appraising an article will general involve asking 3 broad question:
  • Are the results of the study valid (Internal validity)?
  • What are the results?
  • Are the results applicable to your patient (External validity)?

 

Assessment tools: