Brief Resolved Unexplained Event (BRUE)
A brief resolved unexplained event (BRUE) happens quickly and can be scary for parents or caregivers. When a BRUE happens, your baby’s appearance may change, or their breathing may slow or stop, but then return to normal.
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Denis M, Brulé C, Lauzier B, Brossier D, Porcheret F. Arch Pediatr. 2023 Aug;30(6):389-395. doi: 10.1016/j.arcped.2023.05.005. Epub 2023 Jun 17. PMID: 37330397 |
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Brief resolved unexplained event: New diagnosis in infants. Arane K, Claudius I, Goldman RD. Can Fam Physician. 2017 Jan;63(1):39-41. PMID: 28115439 Free PMC article. |
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Brief Resolved Unexplained Event. Kondamudi NP, Virji M. 2023 Aug 12. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan–. PMID: 28722926 Free Books & Documents. |
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Intussusception Initially Diagnosed as a Brief Resolved Unexplained Event (BRUE). Atsumi Y, Kusama Y, Fukui S, Kamimura K. Cureus. 2023 May 15;15(5):e39054. doi: 10.7759/cureus.39054. eCollection 2023 May. PMID: 37323354 Free PMC article. |
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Evers KS, Wellmann S, Donner BC, Ritz N. Swiss Med Wkly. 2021 Oct 22;151:w30026. doi: 10.4414/smw.2021.w30026. eCollection 2021 Oct 11. PMID: 34694101 |
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Sodini C, Paglialonga L, Antoniol G, Perrone S, Principi N, Esposito S. Life (Basel). 2022 Jun 13;12(6):883. doi: 10.3390/life12060883. PMID: 35743914 Free PMC article. Review. |
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Diagnostic Evaluation Low Yield for Patients with a Lower-Risk Brief Resolved Unexplained Event. Haddad R, Parker S, Farooqi A, DeLaroche AM. Glob Pediatr Health. 2021 Feb 1;8:2333794X20967586. doi: 10.1177/2333794X20967586. eCollection 2021. PMID: 33614835 Free PMC article. |
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GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE IN INFANTS WHO PRESENTED BRIEF RESOLVED UNEXPLAINED EVENT (BRUE). Bellomo-Brandão MA, Stranguetti FM, Lopes IF, Peixoto AO, Marson FAL, Lomazi EA. Arq Gastroenterol. 2021 Oct-Dec;58(4):424-428. doi: 10.1590/S0004-2803.202100000-77. PMID: 34909844 |
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Quitadamo P, Mosca C, Verde A, De Marco G, Giorgio V, Valitutti F, Dolce P, Piccirillo M, Evangelisti M, Andreozzi M, Carangelo L, Di Nardo G. J Clin Med. 2025 Mar 12;14(6):1910. doi: 10.3390/jcm14061910. PMID: 40142716 Free PMC article. |
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Gastro-oesophageal reflux is not a major cause of brief resolved unexplained events in infants. Jilani NZ, Hussain A, Al Ansari K, Powell CVE. Breathe (Sheff). 2019 Jun;15(2):e32-e39. doi: 10.1183/20734735.0174-2019. PMID: 31777563 Free PMC article. |
Here is a brief bullet point summary of acute pain management for pediatric outpatients:
Assess Pain: Use age-appropriate pain scales (self-report is key when possible). Observe behavior for non-verbal children. Get parent/caregiver input.
Multimodal Approach: Combine nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic strategies.
Nonpharmacologic (First-Line for Mild-Moderate Pain):
Pharmacologic:
Outpatient Considerations: Age-appropriate formulations.
Source: Google Gemini
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Raman SR, Smith MJ. Pediatrics. 2024 Sep 30:e2024068753. doi: 10.1542/peds.2024-068753. Online ahead of print. PMID: 39344446 |
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Hadland SE, Agarwal R, Raman SR, Smith MJ, Bryl A, Michel J, Kelley-Quon LI, Raval MV, Renny MH, Larson-Steckler B, Wexelblatt S, Wilder RT, Flinn SK. Pediatrics. 2024 Sep 30:e2024068752. doi: 10.1542/peds.2024-068752. Online ahead of print. PMID: 39344439 |
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Management of Acute Sickle Cell Disease Pain. Payne JN, Gee BE. Pediatr Rev. 2024 Jan 1;45(1):26-38. doi: 10.1542/pir.2022-005631. PMID: 38161155 |
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Management of Pediatric Persistent Asymptomatic Cervical Lymphadenopathy. Harris JE, Patel NN, Wai K, Rosbe KW. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2024 Jan;170(1):69-75. doi: 10.1002/ohn.420. Epub 2023 Jul 7. PMID: 37418178 |
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Mora J, Chan GC, Morgenstern DA, Nysom K, Bear MK, Tornøe K, Kushner BH. Cancer Rep (Hoboken). 2023 Jan;6(1):e1627. doi: 10.1002/cnr2.1627. Epub 2022 May 17. PMID: 35579862 Free PMC article. Review. |
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Ostojic K, Paget S, Kyriagis M, Morrow A. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2020 Feb;101(2):213-219. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2019.08.475. Epub 2019 Sep 12. PMID: 31521713 |
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Fentanyl Formulations in the Management of Pain: An Update. Schug SA, Ting S. Drugs. 2017 May;77(7):747-763. doi: 10.1007/s40265-017-0727-z. PMID: 28337672 Review. |
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Chronic pain management as a barrier to pediatric palliative care. Thompson LA, Meinert E, Baker K, Knapp C. Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2013 Dec;30(8):764-7. doi: 10.1177/1049909112473632. Epub 2013 Jan 16. PMID: 23329083 |
Here is a brief bullet point list for counseling caregivers on the safety and efficacy of over-the-counter (OTC) medications for children:
Source: Google Gemini
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Uddin W, Aylan Alshamsi M, Gupta V, Alblooshi M, Abdul Kader M. Cureus. 2025 Apr 23;17(4):e82821. doi: 10.7759/cureus.82821. eCollection 2025 Apr. PMID: 40271233 Free PMC article. |
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Over-the-counter analgesic-related exposure and toxicity in pediatrics. Bentley S, Downs L, Oliver S, Pandy S, Rao S, Perry L. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2024 Nov-Dec;64(6):102218. doi: 10.1016/j.japh.2024.102218. Epub 2024 Aug 19. PMID: 39168447 |
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Clinical Toxicology of OTC Cough and Cold Pediatric Medications: A Narrative Review. Diantini A, Alfaqeeh M, Permatasari LI, Nurfitriani M, Durotulailah L, Wulandari W, Sitorus TDR, Wilar G, Levita J. Pediatric Health Med Ther. 2024 Jul 11;15:243-255. doi: 10.2147/PHMT.S468314. eCollection 2024. PMID: 39011322 Free PMC article. Review. |
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Seth S, Dubey AK, Maheshwari N. J Res Pharm Pract. 2023 Aug 29;11(4):151-161. doi: 10.4103/jrpp.jrpp_15_23. eCollection 2022 Oct-Dec. PMID: 37969617 Free PMC article. |
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Mboma O, Wirth S, Aydin M. Children (Basel). 2021 Nov 13;8(11):1048. doi: 10.3390/children8111048. PMID: 34828761 Free PMC article. |
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Mital R, Lovegrove MC, Moro RN, Geller AI, Weidle NJ, Lind JN, Budnitz DS. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2022 Feb;31(2):225-234. doi: 10.1002/pds.5384. Epub 2021 Nov 24. PMID: 34757641 Free PMC article. |
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Active Extraction of Experience of Adverse Drug Reactions in Children. Noda A, Obara T, Satoh M, Yagi N, Mano N, Kaneko K. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther. 2021;26(4):352-360. doi: 10.5863/1551-6776-26.4.352. Epub 2021 May 19. PMID: 34035679 Free PMC article. |
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Pancreatitis and Acute Liver Failure From Coricidin® HBP Intoxication. Medows M, Acosta C, Vega V. Cureus. 2020 Sep 2;12(9):e10202. doi: 10.7759/cureus.10202. PMID: 33033679 Free PMC article. |
Here's a brief bullet point list for "Lactation Matters: The Science, The Process, and How Pediatricians Can Lead Community Advocacy":
The Science:
The Process:
Pediatrician Leadership in Community Advocacy:
Source: Google Gemini
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Breastfeeding and Non-Communicable Diseases: A Narrative Review. Capra ME, Aliverti V, Bellani AM, Berzieri M, Montani AG, Pisseri G, Sguerso T, Esposito S, Biasucci G. Nutrients. 2025 Jan 30;17(3):511. doi: 10.3390/nu17030511. PMID: 39940369 Free PMC article. Review. |
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Savidge MC, Bean MK, Caccavale LJ, Wijesooriya R, Adams EL. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2025 Jun;64(5):665-674. doi: 10.1177/00099228241287629. Epub 2024 Oct 10. PMID: 39385592 Free PMC article. |
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Capra ME, Decarolis NM, Stanyevic B, Giudice A, Monopoli D, Neglia C, Ramundo G, Esposito S, Biasucci G; Italian Preventive and Social Pediatrics Society (SIPPS)—Emilia-Romagna Section. Nutrients. 2024 Sep 16;16(18):3127. doi: 10.3390/nu16183127. PMID: 39339727 Free PMC article. |
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English Translation of the Breastfeeding Knowledge Survey for Pediatricians. Menéndez Orenga M, Porter D, Gómez Fernández-Vegue M. J Hum Lact. 2024 Aug;40(3):386-391. doi: 10.1177/08903344241254344. Epub 2024 Jun 3. PMID: 38826038 Free PMC article. |
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Complementary Feeding: Tradition, Innovation and Pitfalls. Capra ME, Decarolis NM, Monopoli D, Laudisio SR, Giudice A, Stanyevic B, Esposito S, Biasucci G. Nutrients. 2024 Mar 4;16(5):737. doi: 10.3390/nu16050737. PMID: 38474864 Free PMC article. Review. |
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Brandt KG, da Silva GAP. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2024 Mar-Apr;100 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S57-S64. doi: 10.1016/j.jped.2023.09.013. Epub 2023 Oct 31. PMID: 37918811 Free PMC article. Review. |
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Fewtrell M, Bandsma RHJ, Baur L, Duggan CP, Dumrongwongsiri O, Hojsak I, Khatami K, Koletzko B, Kovalskys I, Li Z, Mouane N, Nel E, Sachdev HS, Spolidoro JV. Ann Nutr Metab. 2023;79(6):469-475. doi: 10.1159/000534004. Epub 2023 Sep 6. PMID: 37673040 Review. |
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Hamid MA, Kumar A, Gunaseelan L, Arulchelvan A, Sinha A, Razi S, Subhan M, Subhan S, Kapoor S, Salim A. Paediatr Child Health. 2022 Aug 19;27(7):414-420. doi: 10.1093/pch/pxac074. eCollection 2022 Dec. PMID: 36524026 Free PMC article. |
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Maternal Experiences with Discussing Complementary Feeding in Primary Care. Bouchard KL, Grigsby-Toussaint DS, Fox K, Amin S, Vadiveloo M, Greaney ML, Tovar A. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Sep 23;19(19):12061. doi: 10.3390/ijerph191912061. PMID: 36231363 Free PMC article. |
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The weaning practices: A new challenge for pediatricians? Nuzzi G, Gerini C, Comberiati P, Peroni DG. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2022 Jan;33 Suppl 27(Suppl 27):44-46. doi: 10.1111/pai.13627. PMID: 35080314 Free PMC article. |