ABPN - Article-Based Continuing Certification (ABCC) Pathway

Some or all of these articles may be protected by copyright. Please refer to the publisher’s copyright notice and policies.

Topic 1 - Basic Science, Anatomy, and Localization
Topic 2 - Risk Factors and Epidemiology
Topic 3 - Mechanisms, Subtypes, & Syndromes (includes Stroke in the Young and Vascular Dementia)
Topic 4 - Acute Ischemic Stroke
Topic 5 - Intracranial Hemorrhage
Topic 6 - Vascular Abnormalities
Topic 7 - Imaging in Stroke
Topic 8 - Primary and Secondary Stroke Prevention
Topic 9 - Stroke Recovery, Rehabilitation and Outcomes
Topic 10 - Communication, Professionalism, Systems Based Practices

Jun-Long, H., Yi, L., Bao-Lian, Z., Jia-Si, L., Ning, Z., Zhou-Heng, Y., Xue-Jun, S., & Wen-Wu, L. (2018). Necroptosis Signaling Pathways in Stroke: From Mechanisms to Therapies. Current neuropharmacology, 16(9), 1327–1339. https://doi.org/10.2174/1570159X16666180416152243

Khot, S. P., & Morgenstern, L. B. (2019). Sleep and Stroke. Stroke, 50(6), 1612–1617. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.118.023553

Cipolla, M. J., Liebeskind, D. S., & Chan, S. L. (2018). The importance of comorbidities in ischemic stroke: Impact of hypertension on the cerebral circulation. Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 38(12), 2129–2149. https://doi.org/10.1177/0271678X18800589

Liu, Q., Yang, Y., & Fan, X. (2020). Microvascular pericytes in brain-associated vascular disease. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie, 121, 109633. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109633

Esquiva, G., Grayston, A., & Rosell, A. (2018). Revascularization and endothelial progenitor cells in stroke. American journal of physiology. Cell physiology, 315(5), C664–C674. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00200.2018

Lenck, S., Nicholson, P., Tymianski, R., Hilditch, C., Nouet, A., Patel, K., Krings, T., Tymianski, M., Radovanovic, I., & Mendes Pereira, V. (2019). Spinal and Paraspinal Arteriovenous Lesions. Stroke, 50(8), 2259–2269. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.118.012783

Yaghi, S., Kamel, H., & Elkind, M. S. V. (2017). Atrial cardiopathy: a mechanism of cryptogenic stroke. Expert review of cardiovascular therapy, 15(8), 591–599. https://doi.org/10.1080/14779072.2017.1355238

Kamel, H., Navi, B. B., Sriram, N., Hovsepian, D. A., Devereux, R. B., & Elkind, M. S. (2014). Risk of a thrombotic event after the 6-week postpartum period. The New England journal of medicine, 370(14), 1307–1315. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1311485

GBD 2016 Lifetime Risk of Stroke Collaborators, Feigin, V. L., Nguyen, G., Cercy, K., Johnson, C. O., Alam, T., Parmar, P. G., Abajobir, A. A., Abate, K. H., Abd-Allah, F., Abejie, A. N., Abyu, G. Y., Ademi, Z., Agarwal, G., Ahmed, M. B., Akinyemi, R. O., Al-Raddadi, R., Aminde, L. N., Amlie-Lefond, C., Ansari, H., … Roth, G. A. (2018). Global, Regional, and Country-Specific Lifetime Risks of Stroke, 1990 and 2016. The New England journal of medicine, 379(25), 2429–2437. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1804492

Lakkur, S., & Judd, S. E. (2015). Diet and Stroke: Recent Evidence Supporting a Mediterranean-Style Diet and Food in the Primary Prevention of Stroke. Stroke, 46(7), 2007–2011. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.006306

Levine, D. A., Duncan, P. W., Nguyen-Huynh, M. N., & Ogedegbe, O. G. (2020). Interventions Targeting Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Stroke Prevention and Treatment. Stroke, 51(11), 3425–3432. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.030427

Ali, M., van Os, H. J. A., van der Weerd, N., Schoones, J. W., Heymans, M. W., Kruyt, N. D., Visser, M. C., & Wermer, M. J. H. (2022). Sex Differences in Presentation of Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Stroke, 53(2), 345–354. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.034040

Koenig, M. K., Emrick, L., Karaa, A., Korson, M., Scaglia, F., Parikh, S., & Goldstein, A. (2016). Recommendations for the Management of Strokelike Episodes in Patients With Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Strokelike Episodes. JAMA neurology, 73(5), 591–594. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2015.5072

Navi, B. B., & Iadecola, C. (2018). Ischemic stroke in cancer patients: A review of an underappreciated pathology. Annals of neurology, 83(5), 873–883. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.25227

Mawet, J., Kurth, T., & Ayata, C. (2015). Migraine and stroke: in search of shared mechanisms. Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache, 35(2), 165–181. https://doi.org/10.1177/0333102414550106

Ekker, M. S., Boot, E. M., Singhal, A. B., Tan, K. S., Debette, S., Tuladhar, A. M., & de Leeuw, F. E. (2018). Epidemiology, aetiology, and management of ischaemic stroke in young adults. The Lancet. Neurology, 17(9), 790–801. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(18)30233-3

Cannistraro, R. J., Badi, M., Eidelman, B. H., Dickson, D. W., Middlebrooks, E. H., & Meschia, J. F. (2019). CNS small vessel disease: A clinical review. Neurology, 92(24), 1146–1156. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000007654

Kozberg, M. G., Perosa, V., Gurol, M. E., & van Veluw, S. J. (2021). A practical approach to the management of cerebral amyloid angiopathy. International journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society, 16(4), 356–369. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747493020974464

Khatri, P., Kleindorfer, D. O., Devlin, T., Sawyer, R. N., Jr, Starr, M., Mejilla, J., Broderick, J., Chatterjee, A., Jauch, E. C., Levine, S. R., Romano, J. G., Saver, J. L., Vagal, A., Purdon, B., Devenport, J., Pavlov, A., Yeatts, S. D., & PRISMS Investigators (2018). Effect of Alteplase vs Aspirin on Functional Outcome for Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke and Minor Nondisabling Neurologic Deficits: The PRISMS Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA, 320(2), 156–166. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.8496

Albers, G. W., Marks, M. P., Kemp, S., Christensen, S., Tsai, J. P., Ortega-Gutierrez, S., McTaggart, R. A., Torbey, M. T., Kim-Tenser, M., Leslie-Mazwi, T., Sarraj, A., Kasner, S. E., Ansari, S. A., Yeatts, S. D., Hamilton, S., Mlynash, M., Heit, J. J., Zaharchuk, G., Kim, S., Carrozzella, J., … DEFUSE 3 Investigators (2018). Thrombectomy for Stroke at 6 to 16 Hours with Selection by Perfusion Imaging. The New England journal of medicine, 378(8), 708–718. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1713973

Goyal, M., Demchuk, A. M., Menon, B. K., Eesa, M., Rempel, J. L., Thornton, J., Roy, D., Jovin, T. G., Willinsky, R. A., Sapkota, B. L., Dowlatshahi, D., Frei, D. F., Kamal, N. R., Montanera, W. J., Poppe, A. Y., Ryckborst, K. J., Silver, F. L., Shuaib, A., Tampieri, D., Williams, D., … ESCAPE Trial Investigators (2015). Randomized assessment of rapid endovascular treatment of ischemic stroke. The New England journal of medicine, 372(11), 1019–1030. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1414905

Thomalla, G., Simonsen, C. Z., Boutitie, F., Andersen, G., Berthezene, Y., Cheng, B., Cheripelli, B., Cho, T. H., Fazekas, F., Fiehler, J., Ford, I., Galinovic, I., Gellissen, S., Golsari, A., Gregori, J., Günther, M., Guibernau, J., Häusler, K. G., Hennerici, M., Kemmling, A., … WAKE-UP Investigators (2018). MRI-Guided Thrombolysis for Stroke with Unknown Time of Onset. The New England journal of medicine, 379(7), 611–622. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1804355

Wang, Y., Meng, X., Wang, A., Xie, X., Pan, Y., Johnston, S. C., Li, H., Bath, P. M., Dong, Q., Xu, A., Jing, J., Lin, J., Niu, S., Wang, Y., Zhao, X., Li, Z., Jiang, Y., Li, W., Liu, L., Xu, J., … CHANCE-2 Investigators (2021). Ticagrelor versus Clopidogrel in CYP2C19 Loss-of-Function Carriers with Stroke or TIA. The New England journal of medicine, 385(27), 2520–2530. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2111749

LeCouffe, N. E., Kappelhof, M., Treurniet, K. M., Rinkel, L. A., Bruggeman, A. E., Berkhemer, O. A., Wolff, L., van Voorst, H., Tolhuisen, M. L., Dippel, D. W. J., van der Lugt, A., van Es, A. C. G. M., Boiten, J., Lycklama À Nijeholt, G. J., Keizer, K., Gons, R. A. R., Yo, L. S. F., van Oostenbrugge, R. J., van Zwam, W. H., Roozenbeek, B., … MR CLEAN–NO IV Investigators (2021). A Randomized Trial of Intravenous Alteplase before Endovascular Treatment for Stroke. The New England journal of medicine, 385(20), 1833–1844. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2107727

Hemphill, J. C., 3rd, Greenberg, S. M., Anderson, C. S., Becker, K., Bendok, B. R., Cushman, M., Fung, G. L., Goldstein, J. N., Macdonald, R. L., Mitchell, P. H., Scott, P. A., Selim, M. H., Woo, D., American Heart Association Stroke Council, Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing, & Council on Clinical Cardiology (2015). Guidelines for the Management of Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke, 46(7), 2032–2060. https://doi.org/10.1161/STR.0000000000000069

Macdonald, R. L., & Schweizer, T. A. (2017). Spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage. Lancet (London, England), 389(10069), 655–666. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30668-7

Qureshi, A. I., Palesch, Y. Y., Barsan, W. G., Hanley, D. F., Hsu, C. Y., Martin, R. L., Moy, C. S., Silbergleit, R., Steiner, T., Suarez, J. I., Toyoda, K., Wang, Y., Yamamoto, H., Yoon, B. W., & ATACH-2 Trial Investigators and the Neurological Emergency Treatment Trials Network (2016). Intensive Blood-Pressure Lowering in Patients with Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage. The New England journal of medicine, 375(11), 1033–1043. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1603460

Lopes, R. D., Guimarães, P. O., Kolls, B. J., Wojdyla, D. M., Bushnell, C. D., Hanna, M., Easton, J. D., Thomas, L., Wallentin, L., Al-Khatib, S. M., Held, C., Gabriel Melo de Barros E Silva, P., Alexander, J. H., Granger, C. B., & Diener, H. C. (2017). Intracranial hemorrhage in patients with atrial fibrillation receiving anticoagulation therapy. Blood, 129(22), 2980–2987. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2016-08-731638

Nelson, S. E., Giugliano, R. P., Antman, E. M., Park, J. G., Norden, A. D., Rost, N. S., Silverman, S., Singhal, A. B., Lanz, H. J., Braunwald, E., Ruff, C. T., & ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 Steering Committee and Investigators (2021). Intracranial hemorrhage in patients with atrial fibrillation receiving anticoagulation with warfarin or edoxaban: An in-depth analysis from the ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 randomized trial. Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia, 86, 294–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2020.10.036

Ha, A. C. T., Bhatt, D. L., Rutka, J. T., Johnston, S. C., Mazer, C. D., & Verma, S. (2021). Intracranial Hemorrhage During Dual Antiplatelet Therapy: JACC Review Topic of the Week. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 78(13), 1372–1384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2021.07.048

Touzé, E., Southerland, A. M., Boulanger, M., Labeyrie, P. E., Azizi, M., Bouatia-Naji, N., Debette, S., Gornik, H. L., Hussain, S. M., Jeunemaitre, X., Joux, J., Kirton, A., Le Hello, C., Majersik, J. J., Mocco, J., Persu, A., Sharma, A., Worrall, B. B., Olin, J. W., & Plouin, P. F. (2019). Fibromuscular Dysplasia and Its Neurologic Manifestations: A Systematic Review. JAMA neurology, 76(2), 217–226. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2018.2848

Mohr, J. P., Overbey, J. R., Hartmann, A., Kummer, R. V., Al-Shahi Salman, R., Kim, H., van der Worp, H. B., Parides, M. K., Stefani, M. A., Houdart, E., Libman, R., Pile-Spellman, J., Harkness, K., Cordonnier, C., Moquete, E., Biondi, A., Klijn, C. J. M., Stapf, C., Moskowitz, A. J., & ARUBA co-investigators (2020). Medical management with interventional therapy versus medical management alone for unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations (ARUBA): final follow-up of a multicentre, non-blinded, randomised controlled trial. The Lancet. Neurology, 19(7), 573–581. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(20)30181-2

Markus, H. S., Levi, C., King, A., Madigan, J., Norris, J., & Cervical Artery Dissection in Stroke Study (CADISS) Investigators (2019). Antiplatelet Therapy vs Anticoagulation Therapy in Cervical Artery Dissection: The Cervical Artery Dissection in Stroke Study (CADISS) Randomized Clinical Trial Final Results. JAMA neurology, 76(6), 657–664. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.0072

Molyneux, A. J., Birks, J., Clarke, A., Sneade, M., & Kerr, R. S. (2015). The durability of endovascular coiling versus neurosurgical clipping of ruptured cerebral aneurysms: 18 year follow-up of the UK cohort of the International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial (ISAT). Lancet (London, England), 385(9969), 691–697. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60975-2

Hervé, D., Ibos-Augé, N., Calvière, L., Rogan, C., Labeyrie, M. A., Guichard, J. P., Godin, O., Kossorotoff, M., Habert, M. O., Lasserve, E. T., Chevret, S., & Chabriat, H. (2019). Predictors of clinical or cerebral lesion progression in adult moyamoya angiopathy. Neurology, 93(4), e388–e397. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000007819

Akers, A., Al-Shahi Salman, R., A Awad, I., Dahlem, K., Flemming, K., Hart, B., Kim, H., Jusue-Torres, I., Kondziolka, D., Lee, C., Morrison, L., Rigamonti, D., Rebeiz, T., Tournier-Lasserve, E., Waggoner, D., & Whitehead, K. (2017). Synopsis of Guidelines for the Clinical Management of Cerebral Cavernous Malformations: Consensus Recommendations Based on Systematic Literature Review by the Angioma Alliance Scientific Advisory Board Clinical Experts Panel. Neurosurgery, 80(5), 665–680. https://doi.org/10.1093/neuros/nyx091

Leslie-Mazwi, T. M., Hamilton, S., Mlynash, M., Patel, A. B., Schwamm, L. H., Lansberg, M. G., Marks, M., Hirsch, J. A., & Albers, G. W. (2019). DEFUSE 3 Non-DAWN Patients. Stroke, 50(3), 618–625. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.118.023310

Saba, L., Saam, T., Jäger, H. R., Yuan, C., Hatsukami, T. S., Saloner, D., Wasserman, B. A., Bonati, L. H., & Wintermark, M. (2019). Imaging biomarkers of vulnerable carotid plaques for stroke risk prediction and their potential clinical implications. The Lancet. Neurology, 18(6), 559–572. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(19)30035-3

Gariel, F., Ben Hassen, W., Boulouis, G., Bourcier, R., Trystram, D., Legrand, L., Rodriguez-Regent, C., Saloner, D., Oppenheim, C., Naggara, O., & Edjlali, M. (2020). Increased Wall Enhancement During Follow-Up as a Predictor of Subsequent Aneurysmal Growth. Stroke, 51(6), 1868–1872. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.119.028431

d'Esterre, C. D., Trivedi, A., Pordeli, P., Boesen, M., Patil, S., Hwan Ahn, S., Najm, M., Fainardi, E., Shankar, J. J., Rubiera, M., Almekhlafi, M. A., Mandzia, J., Khaw, A. V., Barber, P., Coutts, S., Hill, M. D., Demchuk, A. M., Sajobi, T., Forkert, N. D., Goyal, M., … Menon, B. K. (2017). Regional Comparison of Multiphase Computed Tomographic Angiography and Computed Tomographic Perfusion for Prediction of Tissue Fate in Ischemic Stroke. Stroke, 48(4), 939–945. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.015969

Heiss, W. D., & Zaro Weber, O. (2017). Validation of MRI Determination of the Penumbra by PET Measurements in Ischemic Stroke. Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine, 58(2), 187–193. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.116.185975

Patzig, M., Forbrig, R., Küpper, C., Eren, O., Saam, T., Kellert, L., Liebig, T., & Schöberl, F. (2022). Diagnosis and follow-up evaluation of central nervous system vasculitis: an evaluation of vessel-wall MRI findings. Journal of neurology, 269(2), 982–996. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-021-10683-7

Messé, S. R., Gronseth, G. S., Kent, D. M., Kizer, J. R., Homma, S., Rosterman, L., Carroll, J. D., Ishida, K., Sangha, N., & Kasner, S. E. (2020). Practice advisory update summary: Patent foramen ovale and secondary stroke prevention: Report of the Guideline Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology, 94(20), 876–885. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000009443

Johnston, S. C., Easton, J. D., Farrant, M., Barsan, W., Conwit, R. A., Elm, J. J., Kim, A. S., Lindblad, A. S., Palesch, Y. Y., & Clinical Research Collaboration, Neurological Emergencies Treatment Trials Network, and the POINT Investigators (2018). Clopidogrel and Aspirin in Acute Ischemic Stroke and High-Risk TIA. The New England journal of medicine, 379(3), 215–225. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1800410

Brott, T. G., Howard, G., Roubin, G. S., Meschia, J. F., Mackey, A., Brooks, W., Moore, W. S., Hill, M. D., Mantese, V. A., Clark, W. M., Timaran, C. H., Heck, D., Leimgruber, P. P., Sheffet, A. J., Howard, V. J., Chaturvedi, S., Lal, B. K., Voeks, J. H., Hobson, R. W., 2nd, & CREST Investigators (2016). Long-Term Results of Stenting versus Endarterectomy for Carotid-Artery Stenosis. The New England journal of medicine, 374(11), 1021–1031. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1505215

Powers, W. J., Clarke, W. R., Grubb, R. L., Jr, Videen, T. O., Adams, H. P., Jr, Derdeyn, C. P., & COSS Investigators (2011). Extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery for stroke prevention in hemodynamic cerebral ischemia: the Carotid Occlusion Surgery Study randomized trial. JAMA, 306(18), 1983–1992. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2011.1610

Søndergaard, L., Wong, Y. H., Reddy, V. Y., Boersma, L. V. A., Bergmann, M. W., Doshi, S., Kar, S., Sievert, H., Wehrenberg, S., Stein, K., & Holmes, D. R., Jr (2019). Propensity-Matched Comparison of Oral Anticoagulation Versus Antiplatelet Therapy After Left Atrial Appendage Closure With WATCHMAN. JACC. Cardiovascular interventions, 12(11), 1055–1063. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcin.2019.04.004

Søndergaard, L., Wong, Y. H., Reddy, V. Y., Boersma, L. V. A., Bergmann, M. W., Doshi, S., Kar, S., Sievert, H., Wehrenberg, S., Stein, K., & Holmes, D. R., Jr (2019). Propensity-Matched Comparison of Oral Anticoagulation Versus Antiplatelet Therapy After Left Atrial Appendage Closure With WATCHMAN. JACC. Cardiovascular interventions, 12(11), 1055–1063. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcin.2019.04.004

Saposnik, G., Cohen, L. G., Mamdani, M., Pooyania, S., Ploughman, M., Cheung, D., Shaw, J., Hall, J., Nord, P., Dukelow, S., Nilanont, Y., De Los Rios, F., Olmos, L., Levin, M., Teasell, R., Cohen, A., Thorpe, K., Laupacis, A., Bayley, M., & Stroke Outcomes Research Canada (2016). Efficacy and safety of non-immersive virtual reality exercising in stroke rehabilitation (EVREST): a randomised, multicentre, single-blind, controlled trial. The Lancet. Neurology, 15(10), 1019–1027. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(16)30121-1

Francisco, G. E., & McGuire, J. R. (2012). Poststroke spasticity management. Stroke, 43(11), 3132–3136. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.639831

Wolf, S. L., Thompson, P. A., Winstein, C. J., Miller, J. P., Blanton, S. R., Nichols-Larsen, D. S., Morris, D. M., Uswatte, G., Taub, E., Light, K. E., & Sawaki, L. (2010). The EXCITE stroke trial: comparing early and delayed constraint-induced movement therapy. Stroke, 41(10), 2309–2315. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.588723

Duncan, P. W., Bushnell, C. D., Jones, S. B., Psioda, M. A., Gesell, S. B., D'Agostino, R. B., Jr, Sissine, M. E., Coleman, S. W., Johnson, A. M., Barton-Percival, B. F., Prvu-Bettger, J., Calhoun, A. G., Cummings, D. M., Freburger, J. K., Halladay, J. R., Kucharska-Newton, A. M., Lundy-Lamm, G., Lutz, B. J., Mettam, L. H., Pastva, A. M., … COMPASS Site Investigators and Teams. (2020). Randomized Pragmatic Trial of Stroke Transitional Care: The COMPASS Study. Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes, 13(6), e006285. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.119.006285

AFFINITY Trial Collaboration (2020). Safety and efficacy of fluoxetine on functional outcome after acute stroke (AFFINITY): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The Lancet. Neurology, 19(8), 651–660. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(20)30207-6

Zhang, S., Wang, A., Zhu, W., Qiu, Z., & Zhang, Z. (2022). Meta-analysis of risk factors associated with suicidal ideation after stroke. Annals of general psychiatry, 21(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12991-021-00378-8

Wechsler, L. R., Demaerschalk, B. M., Schwamm, L. H., Adeoye, O. M., Audebert, H. J., Fanale, C. V., Hess, D. C., Majersik, J. J., Nystrom, K. V., Reeves, M. J., Rosamond, W. D., Switzer, J. A., American Heart Association Stroke Council, Council on Epidemiology and Prevention, & Council on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research (2017). Telemedicine Quality and Outcomes in Stroke: A Scientific Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke, 48(1), e3–e25. https://doi.org/10.1161/STR.0000000000000114

Adeoye, O., Nyström, K. V., Yavagal, D. R., Luciano, J., Nogueira, R. G., Zorowitz, R. D., Khalessi, A. A., Bushnell, C., Barsan, W. G., Panagos, P., Alberts, M. J., Tiner, A. C., Schwamm, L. H., & Jauch, E. C. (2019). Recommendations for the Establishment of Stroke Systems of Care: A 2019 Update. Stroke, 50(7), e187–e210. https://doi.org/10.1161/STR.0000000000000173

Cruz-Flores, S., Rabinstein, A., Biller, J., Elkind, M. S., Griffith, P., Gorelick, P. B., Howard, G., Leira, E. C., Morgenstern, L. B., Ovbiagele, B., Peterson, E., Rosamond, W., Trimble, B., Valderrama, A. L., American Heart Association Stroke Council, Council on Cardiovascular Nursing, Council on Epidemiology and Prevention, & Council on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research (2011). Racial-ethnic disparities in stroke care: the American experience: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke, 42(7), 2091–2116. https://doi.org/10.1161/STR.0b013e3182213e24

Wheeler, N. C., Murali, S., & Sattin, J. A. (2018). Ethical Issues in Vascular Neurology. Seminars in neurology, 38(5), 515–521. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1667383

Jauch, E. C., Schwamm, L. H., Panagos, P. D., Barbazzeni, J., Dickson, R., Dunne, R., Foley, J., Fraser, J. F., Lassers, G., Martin-Gill, C., O'Brien, S., Pinchalk, M., Prabhakaran, S., Richards, C. T., Taillac, P., Tsai, A. W., Yallapragada, A., & Prehospital Stroke System of Care Consensus Conference (2021). Recommendations for Regional Stroke Destination Plans in Rural, Suburban, and Urban Communities From the Prehospital Stroke System of Care Consensus Conference: A Consensus Statement From the American Academy of Neurology, American Heart Association/American Stroke Association, American Society of Neuroradiology, National Association of EMS Physicians, National Association of State EMS Officials, Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery, and Society of Vascular and Interventional Neurology: Endorsed by the Neurocritical Care Society. Stroke, 52(5), e133–e152. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.033228

Steigleder, T., Kollmar, R., & Ostgathe, C. (2019). Palliative Care for Stroke Patients and Their Families: Barriers for Implementation. Frontiers in neurology, 10, 164. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2019.00164